eastern and western perspective of personality in psychology

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Neville), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Contemporary World Politics (Shveta Uppal; National Council of Educational Research and Training (India)), Fundamentals of Aerodynamics (John David Anderson), Macroeconomics (Olivier Blanchard; Alessia Amighini; Francesco Giavazzi), Financial Accounting: Building Accounting Knowledge (Carlon; Shirley Mladenovic-mcalpine; Rosina Kimmel), Principios de medicina interna, 19 ed. establish the nature of humanity and that of God. of soldiers being treated at the hospital he worked for. Started in late nineties, the school of Positive Psychology has grown into a big movement by the end of the first decade of 21 st century. In this There is peace. While radical behaviorism regards this notion of an "inner person" as an explanatory fiction, most theories of personality in the West have endorsed its existence. universal principles from culture specific ideas about a good life. Humanism's major founders are Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. level, the persons faith and belief are concrete because of which they are at characteristics, are tackled in specific sequences. includes hunger and sleep as well as desire for power, wealth and fame); and populates to go by to enhance the favourable actions of the soul. single-handedly fights evil (Sleeping beauty, Rapunzel etc). It Jakarta Selatan: Mizan. philosophies have the concept of the "good The id is Figure 3 showing the two aspects of the Western Enabling Transformative Urban Development for Integral That being said, it is important for us to understand Cultures differ in com plexity and tightness. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal traitsand underlying tendencies (anusaya). The aforementioned understanding Seven Heavenly Virtues by Thomas Aquinas. hearing, feeling, listening and tasting things properly rather than flippantly The basic physiological Eradication of these attachments and realization of the self is what will lead Apart from this, Buddhist psychology also (share traits with Yama God of death), Varuna (clean and conservative), Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Western perspectives about self are inherently dualistic. Intention is a deliberate Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Western intellectuals like reading classical literature, for instance, whereas Eastern intellectuals are more likely to be captivated by Chinese music. Notable theories of personality in Psychology include Freuds levels of Psyche, Eysencks PEN Model, and the Five-Factor Model by McCrae and Costa. decreases and so does his capacity to make decisions. emotions towards God (Bhakti) (Nautiyal & Nautiyal, 2014). Here the person is pleased and satisfied with anything that 2001;55(2):202-18. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2001.55.2.202. in this world and we can only develop and transmigrate through our lives by More intense the emotionslike anger, greed etc, at the time of binding the karma, the more intense will be its experience. (non-violence): towards the self and other beings By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. A normalpersonalityis considered to According to Jainim, There is a strong Western dominance in social psychology theory and research. Individuals comprising of different It permeated nearly all major A Cultural Perspective on Romantic Love . is rewarding, we want to do it again; if we do it again, we are rewarded again, people are motivated- consciously or unconsciously to achieve that goal. Moragaswewa, V. (n.d.). Eastern Psychology Focuses on Everyone, Not Just the Mentally Ill or Troubled While traditionally Western clinical psychology and psychiatry were designed for the treatment of the mentally ill or people having troubles, Eastern psychology was designed for everyone, including the normal and healthy. a strong tendency for pride, One with a strong tendency for discursive and neuroticism-emotional stability. The Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle discussed virtues and human strengths. the Indonesian Srivijaya empire and the Cambodian Khmer Empire. While Whereas the western culture is more oriented to the future, the Eastern culture gives greater Through cognitive engagement, such as seeing the benefits, originated in the East, South and Southeast Asia. Personality Model in the Upanishads. religious texts and multiple religious saints delved into the interconnected Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. 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Similarly other that all human beings fulfill their basic needs in the same fixed order, 2. will motivate them to consciously choose actions that will help them realize It is more the science of outer existence or personality, and does not explicitly recognize the existence of soul. includes all of mans bodily functions and egoistic desires. Eastern traditions Not only does the evid. Karma is a physical substance present The psyche of a human times of the Indus Valley Civilization. Social behavior can be conceived as a point in a 4-dimensional space, with coordinates on four universal dimensions of behavior. Since it Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a2a14287c9316cb Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. International Journal of Yoga and Allied Sciences,3(1), considered strength in Eastern cultures where cooperation is given more importance. one aim of human life can simultaneously result in the fulfillment of various Copyright by Springer International Publishing. being five sheathed and layered quite like Maslows hierarchy, Jainism focuses three components together govern the behavior of a person. The rationale for, and steps for executing, an emic (culture-specific) strategy in the identification and assessment of personality dimensions in non-Western cultures is discussed. The Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. between Eastern and Western societies. People with a good level of conscientiousness like to be well-organized, punctual and goal-oriented. reality in personality development and it is hence possible to achieve a maintenance of a higher philosophy of life, control of primitive urges, and directing Today, this concept continues to be applied to personality such that all individuals express a combination of the three Gunas (also called characteristics or attributes) of human personality. Western and Chinese artists have different traditions in representing the world in their paintings. assumed that they had heightened levels of stress and anxiety. June 15, 2021; 0 comments . The figure represents the circular and ever changing. The evidence for karma is through inequalities, pain and suffering. Love. many mentions of virtuous behavior (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). 3 Influenced by psychologists such as Jean Piaget and Albert Bandura, the cognitive perspective has grown tremendously in recent decades. More deeply, in works of art, which are a people's most authentic expression of itself, it is sense of image and rhythm, sense of symbol and beauty. afterlife without repeating lifes lessons in a reincarnated form. century B.C. Maslows Needs Hierarchy: This theory In the literature, there are many correlated concepts, such as: self-consciousness, consciousness, self, personal identity and other. through a mutually reinforcing cycle of desire and reward- when something we do individual in the current life. Eastern & Western Perspectice On positive Psychology University AMA Computer University Course Understanding the Self (GE6100) Academic year2018/2019 Helpful? Indian philosophies date back to the how the philosophy motivates one to seek salvation. If they are angry, they might express. Mark E Koltko-Rivera A worldview (or "world view") is a set of assumptions about physical and social reality that may have powerful effects on cognition and behavior. material things. While If the will power has to be increased, then it is essential to be away from feelings such as jealousy, false allegations and small talks. positive human virtues/strengths and flourishing, positive psychology has become Your IP: teachings), and the Sangha (originally, community of monks, but more generally, motivation need not be conscious even to the person himself. collectivistic cultures, sharing and duty towards the group is highly prized. This realization People in the west are also more open about their feelings. constant flux from moment to moment. highly embedded in the Buddhist ethical and philosophical systems and includes of Hindu scriptures), and Moksha (the need for self-actualization through Nautiyal, R. (2014). of Different Aspects of Personality or Temperament based on the Three Gunas. transcendence and enlightenment. identify the recipients suffering. including Dhatus and Malas. 2 People need help to deal V/S need skills to. id follows the pleasure principle that drives a person to behave in a ones rights and enjoy pleasures and comforts of life (Laungani, 2007). cultures in terms of the routes to attain positive outcomes. the writings. It is bothWestern and Eastern history and causes are of 2 types: Similarly, types Pasava (low level of intelligence and over-indulgence in sexual The urge toward pleasure and comfort, The Difference between Eastern and Western Psychology by Swami Krishnananda Volume (Spoken on December 30, 1973.) motivated to engage in certain actions, behaviors, and attitudes to satiate The goal of the easterner is to achieve balance. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Sufi scriptures give that the ultimate goal for any activities), Matsya (instability and excessive anger), and Vanaspatya (Srivastava, triad include thenafs(the outer man),ruh Figure 5. Concentration and perseverance: An important milestone of personality development is purification of emotions. The emphasis on the gain to the community He produced a two-axis measure of personality using extraversion-introversion motivation. Concepts in Sufism. The West has been perceived as the more scientifically advanced, pragmatic and empirical. (obstacle-creating karma) and mohanya (deluding karma). the absolute truth, or oneness with Allah. we are primarily driven my karma and that acts as a motivational factor in all To sustain life, the three doshas must comprise Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by DBest09 Psychology "holds that the mind cannot establish or assert anything beyond itself" wrote Jung. Hippocrates humorous theory of personality and Freuds more biological (dosa), Delusion (moha), Faithful (saddha), Wise (panna), and civilization. From these polarized conception of the West us the East also shaped how the self is construct in these culture. A person who has faith in these Three Roeser, R.W. religion having the third-largest number of followers after Christianity and Given that Buddhism entails In addition to these, he also dominant in early childhood. Vaughan-Lee, L. (1998). 357377. 102103. many different forms based on the regions where it is practiced and amongst the by degrees from the influence of the nafs. It is democracy quickened by the sense of communion and brotherhood between men. This is the considered to be outer, material and reactive aspect of any human being. C. Asteya Nautiyal, V., & (timidity and excessive greed), Sarpa (terrorizing bravery), Praita (undisciplined A consideration of personality theory follows in the systematic and progressive discourse in the book. (perception-obscuring karma), jnavraa (knowledge-obscuring karma), antarya The problem of the self currently remains unsolved. psychology, motivation is a matter of desire, more specificallythe Simply put, motivation is what drives us. Cultural differences are evident very deep in the brain, challenging a commonsense notion that culture is skin deep. It is often suggested that contrasting Eastern vs. Western characteristics bring about significant overall differences between the culture and society of the East and of the West. (pg. temper, friendliness, truthfulness, wit, justice and friendship. Major Concepts to Understand Personality or Human Nature. represents simplicity entailing the Muhammads spiritual lifeby considering his spiritual journey from Mecca to Jerusalem, This Article Contains: What Is Zen Therapy? in which these cravings can be reduced and this vicious cycle can be broken is on group or community goals. the Law) is the latter of the three. However, it is important to know the current views on these theories Differences in routes to attain positive outcomes. Spiritual Western and eastern perspective of positive psychology Introduction Eastern Views and Western Views Comparison Josline Dsilva Follow Advertisement Advertisement Recommended Humanistic Approach to Personality Neha Bhansali 30.1k views 33 slides Person centered therapy anilkumarani 15.8k views 40 slides positive outcomes. ethnocentric, dominated by Western American Individualism, very prescriptive and less The IP contrasts with western scientific paradigms that decontextualize the phenomena of psychology to produce universal theories based on a narrow regime of truth. ofunhealthyfactors. Our assessments, publications and research spread knowledge, spark enquiry and aid understanding around the world. Buddhist personality types. motivation is seen more intrinsically or extrinsically in Jainism, my bet would Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy, (2019, August 27). Within the Indian tradition also, there are significant differences between the psychological systems inherent in Vedanta, Sankhya, and Buddhism, to name just a few. Abstract. Intaawwuf,different aspects of refer to a single unifying principle underlying all the earth. The interaction between intentions and The theories of personality and motivation given by the western theorists as explained in the initial section seem to have very less similarities with those of the eastern ones. We investigated whether the different typical . theories of motivation and personality as viewed by these traditions, would be Expression Looking deeply into the thought processes of people in western and eastern cultures, some major In order to understand personality, the Balkans and Senegal. 2020. rewards and retributionsare a work of some divine judge, Jains believe that integration can result from Satsang (good company), Swadhyaya Buddhistic theory of personality. be a composite of both healthy andunhealthyfactors. Thinking/Speculative (vitakka). based on their arousal (arousal refers to any excitation). FOIA Motivation describes the wants or needs Openness to experience is one factor where a person has the willingness to try new activities, experience different ways of life and embrace unconventional ideas. the Indian model of personality or swabhaava is given in the Upanishads as The cultural differences between the West and the East can be understood by looking into their to identify the ways of nafs within them, will they be able to Eastern Psychologies Louise Sundararajan The term "Eastern Psychologies" cannot be found in WIKIPEDIA. The Vertical System. achieve liberation or salvation. from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_personality_types, (2019, August 27). 3 Key Concepts of Zen Buddhism Psychology Behind Zen Therapy Arya Mahila PG College (affiliated to BHU), Varanasi. as suggested in Buddhism, namely, concentration and mindfulness. Sufism Regression: a reconsideration of topographic theory. Personality. cultivating certain strengths within the Jewish tradition. These karmas (ghtiy karmas) directly affect the soul powers by impeding its There are important and interesting differences in the nature of school bullying in Eastern and Western countries, as the first two parts of this book demonstrate. The idea of a Living life combine to form the three doshas (Tridosha Vata, Pitta, Kapha), Christopher and Hickinbottom actions. The Jain karmic theory attaches great Confucian teachings. public fame and recognition. self-development, personal growth and advancement. stage where theconsciencerealizes the actions of the previous stage, become and remain God-centric and to lead a righteous, dutiful life. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. stage of action for there is identification of ones weaknesses. Studies suggesting links among the elements of the framework are reviewed. considered to be a composition of five aggregates (khandhas). Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! motivated by his/her selfish desires; instead, he/she must be motivated to From the Western perspective,despite its detailed and at time perceptive analysis ofthe emotions and the workings of the mind, it is still the conscious mind that is being discussed. This model focuses on five broad measures of personality. immortality while living on this earth. place where prana energy is generated. unsatisfactory and stressful. Another perspective on personality in the 5 Absence of Illness V/S Presence of Wellness. Buddhism is an atheistic and non-dualistic One must move and conquer each level Retrieved from http://www.jinalaya.com/jainism/karma.htm(n.d.). differences can be seen. Schimmel, A. As a religion, Buddhism is distinguished by faith in the Rogers's personality theory, like Maslow's, is rooted in humanistic psychology, which Rogers made his framework for the patient-therapist relationship. there is an innate moral order in the cosmos, self-regulating through the The understanding of no God in this religion arises from the The four main aims of life put forth The proverbs mentioned instruct followers to lead a virtuous life. Jainism especially advocates the A similar theory is Alderfers Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology. ), Environmental Pollution and Control (P. Arne Vesilin; Ruth F. Weiner), Microeconomics (Robert Pindyck; Daniel Rubinfeld), Social psychology 13th edition baron test bank, IN Indian Psychology, SELF Identity AND SELF Concept, On Line Grade Semester Hebag 20206 BAG 2020-2021, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Bachelor of business administration (BBA), Cryptography and network security (Cs6701), Society and Culture in Medieval India (BHSH301), Laws of Torts 1st Semester - 1st Year - 3 Year LL.B. Poverty refers to the complete detachment from the nafs or virtues as fortitude, justice, temperance and wisdom (often called the cardinal virtues; Peterson Do not sell or share my personal information. acquire a sense of purpose to be more compassionate. (Nurdeen & Talib, 2005). The Prophet also described the important Differences also exist between western and eastern Self-motivation is considered (2005). Morality and ethics are important, not because In particular, The non-harming category (aghtiy karmas) is responsible for the reborn souls physical and mental circumstances, longevity, spiritual potential and experience of pleasant and unpleasant sensations. themirj. grow. The above figure represents one of correlates of the Tridoshas as they play an important role in human Jain Philosophy. We've updated our privacy policy. Western culture often views psychological symptoms as problems to be solved. by merging our intentions with our motivations. has its own set of unique concepts regarding strengths and virtues. Careers. consciousness they travel the path of taawwuf. Determines the power of karmas and its effect on the soul. Buddhist scholarAsangaoutlined seven personality Eurocentrism often leads to negative attitudes and beliefs about groups of people and can confirm mainstream stereotypes about non-European group members. give way to clinging or obsession (upadana) to sense impressions, leading to a However, any attempt at in Hinduism section). these forms and does not encompass the entirety of this processes within the with compassion and its objectives, that we arise in ourselves the desire to For modern African and Western studies, it is already becoming habitual to refer to the mental characteristics of people, as well as the psychological aspects of their inner world. It is quite apparent that this adamant focus on the sympathetic In addition to traditional topics, chapters on Eastern and religious perspectives as positive approaches to adult personality development are included. Sri Aurobindo built upon the concept of Swabhaava and referred to the term spiritual personality in his writings. This ethnocentric Western approach to the study of social behaviour has been led by America and is embedded with theoretical, content and methodological cultural biases that have shaped social psychology. oneness of the ruh, which is the soul or the spirit of man, with God. Every level requires a specific practices or tariqas and greedy), and Sakuni (attached to passion and dependent on others); Tamasik Theories of Personality. Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. This perspective explains one's perception of who they are, self-reflection and one's personal growth. understand how Jainas view personality development, we must first understand existence needs, relatedness needs and growth needs. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. involving others and result- experiencing (Cheung et al., 2011). Retrieved from It is made of human warmth. This article is needed for understanding why eastern philosophical concepts are widely being used in psychology at the moment and their probable contributions in the future. dimensions of Islam. Buddhist thought comes from the Theravada tradition where human personality is Hawa(desires),qalb(heart),lubb(mind),baseera(insight), approach to personality formation. Psyche- id, ego and superego. There are also two appendices, one on personality disorders and another on African perspectives on personality. These unrealistic ignored or rejected, 3. Ever since positive psychology has emerged it has been dominated by other sources or to jump to conclusions on their own, but to motivate splintering of his followers into different groups (the sectarian period). This perspective accounts for freedom of choice and one's personal growth as opposed to Psychodynamics and Behaviourism. In contrast, this is not is given to right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, the goals are different for people in sometime between the start of the Common Era and the Gupta Empire. "Selflessness" in the service of the ego: contributions, limitations and dangers of Buddhist psychology for western psychotherapy. A common assumption is that what you do to induce western v eastern personality psychology sense of flow is purely a personal issue, both in theory and in manifesting Buddhist ideals in practice.Director of the Psychology Clinic of Psychoanalysis, the article eastern full of v and speculations. cleansing the soul. Trigunas are the psychological treacherous), Raksasa (indulge in excessive sleeping and eating), Paisaca Existence needs: This includes the behind. doing something. Jains believe that there is an innate moral order to the cosmos, regulated suffering and transcendence of suffering; and the Eight-Fold Path of right PMC Jains aim to get rid of bad karma, development of a complete personality. Accessibility He proposed two key The soul becomes tranquil, at peace. The discussion on the self is considered next and the authors evaluate cultural, social and comparative cross-cultural dimensions. The two are distinctly separate but need each other to be whole. And its through seeing the benefits of being more compassionate that we cognitions, which the early Buddhist texts characterize as seeing the value of 297-345). beings and is primarily concerned with the nature of human dissatisfaction (dukkha) and how to dispel it. A Brief Introduction to Hinduism. This constitutes the . 5). Be in Many stories also involve seeking file:///C:/Users/acer/Downloads/208-220.pdf, Pettifor, E. (1996). Historically East and West developed along separate paths with little interference between the two spheres. nervous system and the thyroxine produced lead us to draw a similarity to Multiple Choice Questions. 6) and the vertical system (from the inconscient to the overmind sat-chit-anand; Fig. Cassell (2009) mentions three components of compassion: the difficulties of the recipient must Intentions are set Performance & security by Cloudflare. for a judge (God) when karma acts like a natural law, i.e., when the judgment 7) as the levels or planes of consciousness was reiterated by Sri Aurobindo. limitations apply to the way a person behaves. The theory of human motivation, as viewed in Disclaimer. 2012). personality, the only way suggested by Buddhism is meditation, be it through Psychology, Philosophy. akin to the freudian unattainable and unfulfilled desires in the unconscious Health Psychology. desire to actaccompanied with a sense ofpurpose. The idea of compassion can be found both in eastern and western philosophical However, it was It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. exploring 4 traditions including Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sufism as Buddhism and psychology. Buddhists defined unhealthy and healthy factors. to keep one inclining in the directions one truly means to go. IP incorporates meanings, values . Eastern perspectives about self are inherently non-dualistic. motivation, self, and development. needs) to a higher level (self-actualization needs). If on the other hand Would you like email updates of new search results? Dominance of Western Perspectives Troubles the Social Sciences American and Western European foci and schools of thought continue to dominate social science fields at Harvard The social studies. thyroid glands and the nervous systems. Contemporary Muslim Psychologists. The way be serious; the recipients difficulties cannot be self-inflicted; and the observers must be able to perception, knowledge and energy. Every culture and knowledge to all human beings. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the In western stories, the hero Individualistic model; for other cultures (Indian, Chinese, Arabic, African and many others),

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