what is the radius of the earth in meters

Record the measurements. J So escape velocity = . R Let us calculate area of earth using this formula area=4x22/76370= 5.110 4. What is radius of Earth in gravitation Class 9? The radius of a circle is the straight-line distance from the very center of the circle to any point on the circle. 3 You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. So, its circumference varies depending on how you calculate it. {\displaystyle r=[r^{1},r^{2},r^{3}]^{T}=[x,y,z]^{T}} The first person to determine the size of Earth was Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who produced a surprisingly good measurement using a simple scheme that combined geometrical calculations with physical observations. Solution for the radious of earth is 6378.1 km, which is 2981.1 km greater than the radius of mars. stands for the radius of the Earth. Use scientific notation to show the above value of the radius. F The magnitude of the gravitational force between earth and an object is given by the formula. , The dashed line designates the radius to one point on the surface. Start your trial now! Radius refers to a line that connects to the centre point of a circle to any point on its outside layer. b) Calculate the surface free-fall acceleration. This answer is: The equatorial circumference is simply the circle perimeter: Ce=2a, in terms of the equatorial radius, a. Have your partner do the same in her location at the exact same time. EARTH RADIUS meaning & explanation. [Mass of the earth is 6 x 1024 kg and radius of the earth is 6.4 x 106 m]. The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of Earthis represented by the letter g. Earth Radius by Latitude Calculator Calculates radius and diameter of the Earth for a given latitude. Part 4: Computation . {\displaystyle p=N\cos(\varphi )} = The oblateness constant q is given by, where is the angular frequency, G is the gravitational constant, and M is the mass of the planet. Estimates of the accuracy of Eratosthenes's measurement range from 0.5% to 17%. nasa.gov. Today we know our planet's circumference is roughly 40,000 kilometers (24,850 miles). Place the loose end of the string at the end of the cast shadow and hold it taut. Definitions and Formulas. The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) provides three reference values: the mean radius (R1) of three radii measured at two equator points and a pole; the authalic radius, which is the radius of a sphere with the same surface area (R2); and the volumetric radius, which is the radius of a sphere having the same volume as the ellipsoid (R3). So if you measure at 11:00am in New York, they should measure at 9:00am in Colorado because of the time difference. You have to use the distance from the center of the Earth, not the distance above Earth's surface, as the radius. Other ways to define and measure the Earth radius involve the radius of curvature. Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site! 257. 1 Lunar night time is also about two weeks long, during which the moon's temperature plummets to -208 degrees F (-130 C, 140 K) according to NASA. In astronomy, the International Astronomical Union denotes the nominal equatorial Earth radius as => When indoor location is available, the accuracy range can be as small as 5 meters. Solving for x reveals the circumference to be. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Science atlas, our goal is to spark the curiosity that exists in all of us. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The value for the polar radius in this section has been rounded to the nearest 0.1m, which is expected to be adequate for most uses. 149597870700 meters nearly This is 10-sd (significant digits) approximation. Now, lets plug in some numbers. c) Calculate the gravitational potential energy associated with a 4.93-kg object at the Hence, the Earth deviates from a perfect sphere by only a third of a percent, which supports the spherical model in most contexts and justifies the term "radius of the Earth". The average radius of the earth is 6.38x106 meters. January 2023: The Next Full Moon is the Wolf or Ice Moon. West can be exchanged for east in this discussion. [1]:3 The nominal polar Earth radius is defined as Solution Verified What is the biggest problem with wind turbines? [13], The authalic radius [Mass of the earth is 6 x 1024 kg and radius of the earth is 6.4 x 106 m]. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. How do you use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the radius of the earth? Exercises. This is roughly 6,371 kilometers (km) or 3,960 statute miles. Karren Doll Tolliver holds a Bachelor of English from Mississippi University for Women and a CELTA teaching certificate from Akcent Language School in Prague. The earth is made up of three different layers: the crust, the mantle and the core. is the unit normal to the surface at 01 Earths equatorial radius63781. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. While carbon dioxide gas is invisible, the very cold gas , Turbines produce noise and alter visual aesthetics. Putting in the numbers, you have Dividing both sides by m1 gives you the acceleration due to gravity: Newton's law of gravitation gives you the acceleration due to gravity near the surface of the Earth: 9.8 meters/second 2. 2 Earth radius at sea level is 6378. A: . Its SIunit is m/s2. The value of the radius is completely dependent upon the latitude in the case of an ellipsoid model, and nearly so on the geoid. {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}_{\mathrm {pE} }^{\mathrm {N} }} The height above sea level of the location is added. ), In geophysics, the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) defines the Earth's arithmetic mean radius (denoted R1) to be[2], The factor of two accounts for the biaxial symmetry in Earth's spheroid, a specialization of triaxial ellipsoid. The typical Earth radius (RE) can also be comparable to about 6,371 kilometers (km) (an SI unit of length), or 3,440 maritime miles (nmi) (a maritime unit of length), or roughly 3,959 miles (mi) or 20,902,231 ft (foot), that are US customary / Imperial units of length. Go farther. The Earth. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Whether you need help solving quadratic equations, inspiration for the upcoming science fair or the latest update on a major storm, Sciencing is here to help. This calculated value became a defining value in 1993. Technology similar to the instruments that are used to survey Earth can also be found all across the solar system. The circumference of the Earth can be calculated using the formula, Circumference = 2 R or D, where R is the radius of Earth and D is the diameter. The polar radius of the Earth is 3,950 miles (6,356), which is a 13-mile (22-kilometer) difference. 6.371 10 6 m . As an example, we will use Eratosthenes measurements. A cylinder has a radius of 8 meters. , and because How do you find the radius of the Earth using trigonometry? The radius of orbit indicates the distance that the satellite is from the center of the earth. Your email address will not be published. Use the protractor to measure the angle where the string meets the stick at the top. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The equation for Keplers Third Law is P = a, so the period of a planets orbit (P) squared is equal to the size semi-major axis of the orbit (a) cubed when it is expressed in astronomical units. , over the surface of the ellipsoid. Its nice to determine that measurements taken by a lot of groups, sometimes in under ideal conditions, came so near to the right answer. , a) The radius of the earth is 4000 miles. As satellite remote sensing and especially the Global Positioning System gained importance, true global models were developed which, while not as accurate for regional work, best approximate the Earth as a whole. Solving for x reveals the circumference to be. See the formula used in an example where we are given the diameter of the sphere. Sun: radius = 696,000 kilometers, 100 times larger. The radius of a chlorine atom is approximately meters. Acceleration due to gravity is a vector, which means it has both a magnitudeand a direction. The corresponding radius of curvature depends on the location and direction of measurement from that point. 752 km (3949. Radius of sun is 695 500 km, so in meters you multiply by 1000. For this calculation, the longitude isn't needed. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Measure the angle of the shadow of your meter stick when the sun is overhead and the shadow is smallest, often known as local noon (when the sun is exactly north-south in the sky at its highest point). Strictly speaking, spheres are the only solids to have radii, but broader uses of the term radius are common in many fields, including those dealing with models of Earth. e Hence, we create models to approximate characteristics of Earth's surface, generally relying on the simplest model that suits the need. Write it in scientific notation. Historically, these models were based on regional topography, giving the best reference ellipsoid for the area under survey. 64miles, whereas, whether it ismeasured round the rods, it isapproximately 24,806 miles. Since Earth is roughly spherical, calculating its volume is relatively simple. b : the third and usually largest vein of an insects wing. More than 2,000 years ago Eratosthenes compared the position of the Suns rays in two locations to calculate the spherical size of the Earth with reasonable accuracy. Though he did not have instant communications as we do now, he was able to determine the angle of the suns rays in Alexandria at the same time, which was about 7.2 degrees. 1 For Earth, the arithmetic mean radius is 6,371.0088km (3,958.7613mi). As , EL NORTE is a melodrama divided into three acts. This quantity is denoted variously as . 5.98 10 24 kg. A partial surface of an ellipsoid gets fitted to the region, in which case the center and orientation of the ellipsoid generally do not coincide with the earth's center of mass or axis of rotation. How cold is it on moon? The following radii are derived from the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84) reference ellipsoid. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". At the equator, = 0 and this arc length = 111.32 km, nearly. N The information were posted by senior high school classes all over the US, plus some in Canada and Mexico, employed in pairs. r [clarification needed]. Your partner should measure at the same time, regardless of time difference. R for an oblate spheroid, the curvatures are. How do you find the radius of a gravitational field? Its "up" direction there is shown with a black segment: it is, by definition, perpendicular to the ellipse at that point. In summary, local variations in terrain prevent defining a single "precise" radius. Given you're looking for a simple formula, this is probably the simplest way to do it, assuming that the Earth is a sphere with a circumference of 40075 km. Measuring the Circumference of the Earth. , Does Wittenberg have a strong Pre-Health professions program? The bulge had been decreasing, but since 1998 the bulge has increased, possibly due to redistribution of ocean mass via currents. Each of the models in common use involve some notion of the geometric radius. Make sure both sticks are perpendicular to the Earth and that the same length of stick protrudes from the ground. Calculating Earths Volume Averaging these two numbers yields a mean radius of 6,371.0 kilometers (3,958.7 miles), which in turn yields an approximate value for the volume of the Earth of 1.08 quadrillion cubic kilometers (259 trillion cubic miles). where in the first fundamental form for a surface (Equation (112) in[11]): E, F, and G are elements of the metric tensor: r Likewise for surface area, either based on a map projection or a geodesic polygon. Andrew Blum gives some tips that could students in the high-school class in Clinton, Mississippi because they focus on the Eratosthenes project. How do you solve for radius and diameter? 6 m0. N E Similarly very small numbers are written using negative exponents, e. The very first printed mention of Earths size made an appearance around 350BC, when Aristotle reported in the book Around the Heavens(18) that mathematicians had suspected the circumference of the world to become 400,000 stadia. Let the mass of the earth be M and radius of the earth be R, The distance of the body from the center of the earth will also be equal to the radius R of the earth. 2a : the bone on the thumb side of the human forearm also : a corresponding part of vertebrates above fishes. d r = 39350/ 6.28 = 6267 kilometer. The red dot at the lower left corner is its center. Yes! How do you express the earths diameter in scientific notation? Earth's polar radius is 3,950 miles (6,356 km) a difference of 13 miles (22 km). + The radius of Earth is 6370000 m. Express this measurement in km in scientific notation with the correct number of significant digits. Using the parameters from WGS84 ellipsoid of revolution, a = 6,378.137 km and b = 6,356.7523142km, V = 1.083211012km3 (2.59881011cumi). Earth, the third planet from the sun, is one of the most unique celestial bodies in our solar system. for the nominal polar Jupiter radius. The radius of Earth at the equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers), according to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Our descriptions of Earth's surface must be simpler than reality in order to be tractable. A globally-average value is usually considered to be 6,371 kilometres (3,959mi) with a 0.3% variability (10 km) for the following reasons. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. This difference is the geoid height, positive above or outside the ellipsoid, negative below or inside. The IUGG denotes the volumetric radius as R3. 2 degrees. By knowing the Equatorial diameter or the polar diameter of the Earth, the circumference can be found. Since pi is an infinite number, the calculations in Step 6 will be more accurate. Now we know 2 things- 1. Born and raised in the city of London, Alexander Johnson studied biology and chemistry in college and went on to earn a PhD in biochemistry. On solving the circumference of the earth we get 39,350 kilometres. The nominal radius serves as a unit of length for astronomy. He received his Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, where he conducted research on particle physics and cosmology. All Right Reserved. What happens to the dry ice at room pressure and temperature? Video advice: How Eratosthenes discovered the radius of the earth. This measurement also introduces another fun source of error that actually comes from the motion of Earth and other similar planetary bodies in the solar system. The one exception: The flattening in the original definition of WGS84 was a calculated value, based on the Earths second dynamic form factor as determined from satellite orbits ($\bar C_{2,0}$ in WGS84, $J_2$ in GRS80). You have to find the circumference. Its volume is 803.84 cubic meters. The circumference of the Earth depends on how it is measured. R The geoid height variation is under 110m (360ft) on Earth. If one point had appeared due east of the other, one finds the approximate curvature in the eastwest direction. After completing his doctoral studies, he decided to start "ScienceOxygen" as a way to share his passion for science with others and to provide an accessible and engaging resource for those interested in learning about the latest scientific discoveries. Eastwest directions can be misleading. which differs from the exact result by less than 1m (4105in); the mean of the two axes. [7] Additional discrepancies caused by topographical variation at specific locations can be significant. [2], For Earth, the volumetric radius equals 6,371.0008km (3,958.7564mi).[13]. Its measured round the Equator and round the rods that provide different values. The radius of earth, is the distance from the centre of the Earth to a point on or near its surface, and it ranges from nearly 6,378 km to nearly 6,357 km, dhanyaranjan Published On January 28th, 2022 Table of Contents Radius of Earth in Physics The symbol R? By 1490, Christopher Colombus believed that traveling 3,000 miles west from the west coast of the Iberian peninsula would let him reach the eastern coasts of Asia. Earth radius is the distance from Earth's center to its surface, about 6,371 km (3,959 mi). Surface Gravity Metric: 9.80665 m/s 2 English: 32.041 ft/s 2 Escape Velocity Metric: 40,284 km/h English: 25,031 mph Scientific Notation: 1.119 x 10 4 m/s Sidereal Rotation Period 0.99726968 Earth Days 23.934 Hours Surface Temperature Metric: -88/58 (min/max) C English: -126/136 (min/max) F Scientific Notation: 185/331 (min/max) K y The earth rotates once every 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.09053 seconds, called the sidereal period, and its circumference is roughly 40,075 kilometers. {\displaystyle r+dr} These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. This video explains how humans managed to measure the circumference of the earth long long ago using simple math, reasoning and assumptions. This is the radius that Eratosthenes measured in his arc measurement. It is a physical constant which represents the most probable distance between the electron and the nucleus in a hydrogen atom in its ground state. 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. What are the formula in calculating the earth? mpanderla95. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. 6378 X 2 = 12 756 km. The mathematical expressions above apply over the surface of the ellipsoid. 2. We invite readers to visit us daily, explore topics of interest, and gain new perspectives along the way. where may be the angular frequency, G may be the gravitational constant, and M may be the mass from the planet. And we end up with 12.6 meters per second , Firearm muzzle velocities range from approximately 120 m/s (390 ft/s) to 370 m/s (1,200 ft/s) in black powder muskets, to more than 1,200 m/s (3,900 ft/s) in modern rifles with high-velocity cartridges such as the , Summary. Using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, this gives, Another spherical model is defined by the Earth's volumetric radius, which is the radius of a sphere of volume equal to the ellipsoid. It is possible to combine the principal radii of curvature above in a non-directional manner. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. This value is between 6,378 km, particularly around the equator and about 6,357 km at the poles. How many meters is the earth? What is the number in scientific notation? Additionally, the bulge at the equator shows slow variations. Wittenberg is a nationally ranked liberal arts institution with a particular strength in the sciences. Earth's surface area is an estimated 510 km2, and about 29% of the area is land while the other 71% consists of water. A How much is a trillion in scientific notation? This topographical average is 6,371.230km (3,958.899mi) with uncertainty of 10m (33ft).[16]. The Earth's Gaussian radius of curvature at latitude is:[12]. e The circumference of the world measured round the Equatoris approximtely 24,887. The radius of the swimming pool water atom is roughly meters. Compute the radius of the Earth using the formula C (circumference) = 2 x pi x r (radius). 3.2.2.2Non-directional 4Global radii 4.1Nominal radius 4.2Arithmetic mean radius 4.3Authalic radius 4.4Volumetric radius 4.5Rectifying radius 5Topographical radii 5.1Topographical extremes 5.2Topographical global mean 6Derived quantities: diameter, circumference, arc-length, area, volume 7Published values 8History 9See also 10Notes 11References

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